The Effects Of Bullying On Children s Presentation On...

Following Group one’s presentation on bullying, this paper will look further into the outcomes of bullying. The group, as well as all three of my article mentioned depression, anxiety, and loneliness as the main outcomes of bullying, whether that is short term or long (Group one, personal communications, November 18, 2015; Bannink, Broeren, van de Looij – Jansen, de Waart, Raat, 2014; Gruber Fineran, 2008; van der Wal, de Wit, Hirasing, 2003). These outcomes are present for both genders, but are often more common for girls than boys although it depends on the type of bullying occurring. As will be discussed, direct, indirect, and cyber bullying have different effects on girls as well as sexual harassment. Direct bullying, or traditional bullying occurs more often to boys, but it does occur to girls as well. Typically more girls will report bullying than boys and will have more severe health problems as a result (Gruber Fineran, 2008). Traditional bullying increases the risk of girls developing mental health problems as well as feelings of loneliness, anxiety and suicide (Bannink, Broeren, van de Looij – Jansen, de Waart, Raat, 2014; Gruber Fineran, 2008; van der Wal, de Wit, Hirasing, 2003). Girls may report the incidents more often because young men may believe physical violence is the nature of men and acceptable whereas girls do not hold that same ideology (van der Wal, de Wit, Hirasing, 2003). The impact of traditional bullying has also been proven toShow MoreRelatedThe Legislation Regarding Safeguarding And Chid Protection1431 Words   |  6 Pagesthat all the children are safe, secure and protected from any kind of potential harm which may affect their health or development. Children in learning settings may come across various types of experiences like bullying, cyber-bullying, discrimination, etc. These types of experiences where perpetrator could also be a child or a group of children can disturb the process of learning. It also has long term effects on the child being bullied and the child/ group of children who are bullying. ‘DepartmentRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects On Children And Adults Across The Globe1693 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Bullying doesn’t just happen on the playground or in the workplace; it has now taken over the Internet and popular social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. The term for online bullying is referred to as â€Å"cyber-bullying†. â€Å"Cyber-bullying is defined as the use of email, cell phones, text messages, and Internet sites to threaten, harass, embarrass, or socially exclude† (Patchin, 2015). Much like the face-to-face bullying some may encounter in school can cause physicalRead MoreBullying Is Bad Traditional Or Cyber Bullying?1296 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Worse Traditional -Bullying or Cyber Bullying What is Worse Traditional -Bullying or Cyber Bullying and Which is Worst Traditional or Cyber-Bullying? Patricia Spatcher Florida Southwestern State College What is Worse Traditional -Bullying or Cyber Bullying and Which is Worst Traditional or Cyber-Bullying? Bullying is the aggressive act of repetitive emotional, psychological or emotional abuse, by one or more persons over a time span. Traditionally, there are fourRead MoreBullying in School1085 Words   |  5 Pagessuppose to do about Bullying? To recognizing bullying is to identify type of bullying. First improve the lives strategies and intervolves both parties the victim and the bully. There are many challenge for barriers by involves school programs! A small group and angry control and prosaically. Introduction There are much type of Bullying, Physical, Emotional, Relation, cyber, Gender and age, these are some of the type of bullying these are picture I found on bullying American schoolRead MoreCyber Bullying1455 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Bullying Issues 1 Bullying Issues: Cyber bullying vs. Traditional Bulllying Horache Allen Compostion1 Jan 29, 2013 Bullying Issues 2 Bullying Issues: Cyber Bullying vs. Traditional Bullying Are you a victim of cyber bullying? Or were you theRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1146 Words   |  5 PagesCyber bullying as defined by (Mason, 2008, p, 325) is â€Å"an individual or a group wilfully using information and communication involving electronic technologies to facilitate deliberate and repeated harassment or threat to another individual or group by sending or posting cruel text and/or graphics using technological means†. Cyber bullying is also any behaviour performed through electronic or digital media by individuals or groups that repeatedly communicates hostile or aggressive messages intendedRead MoreTeen Depression : Teenage Depression1477 Words   |  6 Pages Depression has a major impact on the lives of teenagers; And through analysis it says that teen girls have a higher risk at suffering depression. Depression grows more and more everyday in today s society. While researching more about depres sion realized that teenage girls are at a higher risk for depression. Depression is an common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act. StatisticsRead MoreFacebook : Networking And Societal Impact1475 Words   |  6 Pagesonline communication and the influence of this communication in the society. Studies by Orr et al. (397) demonstrate that people are motivated to use Facebook since it allows them to overcome shyness. In their view, identity formation and self-presentation are less strenuous and strict when examined over the social platforms. Indeed, people that have proper communication or can express themselves with ease have little experience with this attribute. However, the same cannot be applied to people thatRead MoreBehavior and Classroom Reward System713 Words   |  3 PagesClassroom reward systems provide teachers and students with guidelines to follow when dealing with behaviour. Every school has some form of behaviour management in place to deal with both good and bad behaviours and children with special needs who often need structure, planning and daily goals. Integrating technology into classroom reward systems, rewarding good behaviour, hard work or improvement, can have a positive impact on students, as Merrett, A., and Merrett, L. (2013) described, due to t heRead MoreHow Peer Pressure Is An Act That Should Not Be Taken Lightly Because Essay1734 Words   |  7 PagesFitting in with the Ultimate Sacrifice Peer pressure is an act that should not be taken lightly because it can lead to many bad decision making and psychological damage. Bullying, alcohol-drug abuse, sex, and the desire to fit in are a few leading factors of peer pressure. As one begins elementary or high school, they are trying to figure out their individuality and form into their mold of themselves. Dealing with peer pressure as a young child or teenager opens the door to stress, anxiety, or even

The Plague Of Fast Food Restaurants - 1283 Words

Dru Olson Marti English 1A Sec V18 27 October 2015 Plague to Society Plague; as defined by dictionary.com is a widespread affliction, calamity, disease or evil. Fast food has become this plague for America, outgrowing and overrunning the United States since the opening of Ray Kroc’s first McDonalds restaurant in 1955. According to Leslie Patton, reporter for Bloomberg Business, by 1983 6,000 McDonalds franchises covered the U.S. and for the next two decades the restaurant has opened about 360 outlets in the U.S. every year. (Patton, â€Å"Have We Reached Peak Burger?†) This fast and steady growth has encouraged rivals like Burger King and Wendy’s to do the same; oversaturating communities with corporate giants. The takeover of fast food franchises has had a direct relation to our health epidemic among American citizens, the decline in quality of life and the abuse of employees, and even livestock associated with such franchises. The abundance of fast food restaurants in communities, especially those of lower inco me, influence consumer dietary choices and intensifies obesity among adolescents and adults. Obesity is a major health concern in the United States; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that more than one-third of American adults are obese, and that obesity related conditions such as heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes are the leading cause of preventable death. A study by the â€Å"Retail Food Environment Index,† shows that the number of unhealthyShow MoreRelatedFast Food : The Calorie Crisis1400 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Healy ENGL 123 30 March 2015 Fast Food – The Calorie Crisis Over the years, Americans have slowly become aware of the seemingly crippling effects of fast food on their health. Lack of exercise along with an unhealthy diet is one of the leading causes of obesity, and fast food is a major contributor to those unhealthy diet choices. Fast food contributes the most to the astonishing rise in rates of obesity over the past years. The nutritional content of fast food is excessively high in caloriesRead MoreCause and Effect Essay on Obesity962 Words   |  4 Pageshard to do. Never have there have been so many teens and children not only overweight but obese. In some ways, it could be called the plague of the twenty- first century due to adolescents and teenagers indulging themselves in a plethora of food for every meal they have, therefore becoming overweight and morbidly obese. In the eighteen hundreds there was not a fast food place to go to unlike these days, so children were not obese like they are today.-(begin with a prepositional phrase) W hile there areRead Moredont blame the eater1292 Words   |  6 Pagesfor being one of the most obese countries in the world. Once you step foot in America, people can quickly find out why; everywhere you look there are a ton of fast food chains on nearly every block. Fast food to Americans is a quick, easy, and affordable way to get food. In the past Forty years, more than 160,000 fast food restaurants have opened in America (Pirello). This cheap and quick meal comes at a cost; according to the Centers for Disease control and Prevention (CDCP), more than 66 percentRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Weight Loss1667 Words   |  7 Pagesnearly two-thirds of American adults are either overweight or obese. Childhood obesity is triple what it was some decades ago. The obesity plague in America costs the nation as much as $147 billion and an indescribable number of lives every year. Together, they add up to a public health crisis that feeds a $60 billion industry of products, services, diets and foods designed to help people lose weight. Wake up America; Nearly one-third of the adults in the United States is overweight with a body massRead MoreThe Health Implications Of Food Foods1296 Words   |  6 Pagesprocessed foods at fast foods restaurants. People do not have to go far to find one. They are conveniently accessible throughout America. These chain restaurants have redefined the definition what a meal consist of, and therefore, have helped contribute to a society of unhealthy people addicted to processed foods. In order to create a society of healthy individuals, people need to alter their eating habits in a positive way by developing a greater understanding of the negative effects these fast foodRead MoreMcDonalds: Ethical Responsibility1358 Words   |  6 Pagesfortune 500 companies, democrats, republicans, men and women all have ethical responsibilities that should always be considered. Mc Donald’s is a well-known restaurant around the world. Some people enjoy this fast food restaurant and also have made Mc Donald’s one of the leading fast food companies. Although, Mc Donald may have some tasty food, there are still many critics that think Mc Donald’s may have a lot of ethical issues and company violations. Some consider being ethical is simply definedRead MoreFast Food Essay1073 Words   |  5 Pages For nearly 100 years now the fast food epidemic has spread through the U.S like a modern day delicious plague, for which many college students have fallen victim too. Unlike the bubonic one this modern-day plague has had a positive effect on people ages 18-21 i.e college students every year there is a rise in the number of freshmen college students during the first year of college they will find out real fast home much time and dedication college requires to obtain and hold a high GPA duringRead MoreJunk Food Tax1104 Words   |  5 PagesJunk Food Tax The current issue of junk food consumption and the overall obesity battle in America continues to plague our nation. The suggestion to counteract this problem is the implementation of a â€Å"junk tax†. ProQuest states that, â€Å"’junk food tax’ refers to a tax placed upon fattening foods or beverages† (Par. 1). The intention of the tax is to minimize the consumption of unhealthy foods, which would expectantly lead to a healthier population. A junk food tax would also generate revenue for causesRead MoreEating Meals For A Healthy Meal945 Words   |  4 Pagesroute you’re going to take to get home from work, all along with a dozen other selections. Ah! I failed to mention though, an important decision you’re faced with normally about three times each day; what are you going to eat? For some people, their food choice may not be as healthy as others’ and sometimes that’s okay. But with obesity on the rise like it is today, chance s are their choice of a fattening meal isn’t going to be the only time they make it that week, let alone that same day. Why wouldRead MoreThe Precarious Relationship between the United States and Saudi Arabia1481 Words   |  6 PagesIn the 1940s the United States brought on wave of globalization that ravaged Western Europe. Fast forward to 1979, and the United States is taking advantage of the fear drummed up by the Iranian Revolution in order to secure its influence in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia since then has seen a rise in chronic illness that can be directly tied back to the presence of the United States in this area. After 1979 there was a significant spike in diabetes in Saudi Arabia; it can be argued that increased

Case Study Diverticular Disease Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(47) " history of lung malignant neoplastic disease\." The big bowel is about 1.5m in length and is made up of 4 chief parts the cecum, go uping colon, transverse colon, falling colon, sigmoid colon and the rectum. Its chief map is to transport waste out of the organic structure and to absorb H2O from the waste before it leaves. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study Diverticular Disease Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is made up of three beds, the outermost bed muscularis, in-between bed the mucous membrane and innermost layer the mucous membrane. The mucous membrane is where all the re-absorption takes topographic point whilst the muscularis is responsible for peristaltic motions. Diverticular disease is most common in the sigmoid colon part. A diverticulum ( diverticulosis ) is a pouch like pouch which is formed from the mucous membrane and undertakings through the colon wall. This happens as a consequence of there being a failing in the wall and at many diverticula can show at any one clip. They are besides vascular and have a rich blood supply. A failing in the wall can so be accompanied by an addition in force per unit area of the intestine due to the patient going constipated. If there is a deficiency of fiber and H2O in the diet the stools become dry and little, and the enteric musculuss must contract with greater force to go through the stools along, bring forthing a higher force per u nit area in the big bowels. The extra force per unit area leads to weak musca volitanss in the colon walls that finally pouch out and organize pouches called diverticula. Most frequently, the pouches signifier in the sigmoid colon, which is the lower left portion of the colon that connects to the rectum. This country of the colon is capable to the highest sum of force per unit area because it is the narrowest part of the big bowel ( E Health MD ) . Diverticula vary in size but tend to be between 5 -10mm and in extremes instances can make up to 20mm ( WGO ) . Diverticulitis is a status in which diverticuli in the colon rupture. The rupture consequences in infection in the tissues that surround the colon ( Medicinenet.com ) . Diverticular disease is many symptomless as mentioned earlier and many people who have it are non ever aware that they have the status. Many patients experience symptoms similar to cranky intestine syndrome and complain of bloating and hurting in the lower left abdominal part. One of the most common causes of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage is due to diverticular disease shed blooding which can happen because of the cutting of the bowel wall. The hemorrhage is by and large painless but does affect big volumes of blood ( Gastrointestinalatlas ) . Case survey I have chosen my instance survey to be on a 45 twelvemonth old male who I will mention to as Mr X. I will be discoursing the patients chief symptoms, associated medical history, household history, trials and intervention of jobs found. Mr X visited his G.P in January 2010 complaining of a crampy hurting over the left iliac pit. He besides complained of bloating and had non opened his bowels decently for a hebdomad. Mr X told the G.P that he had noticed a alteration in his intestine wont over the last 2 months and was sing episodes of irregularity which would be followed by short episodes of diarrhoea. He had besides noticed a alteration in the visual aspect of his stool explicating that they appeared to be smaller and had a pellet like visual aspect. Coloring material of his stool was described as being normal but he would detect a little darkish visual aspect every now and once more. No history of emesis and he was eating and imbibing usually with the exclusion of sing a bloating esthesis after a repast. He besides complained of experiencing unenrgetic and did n’t experience rather every bit active as he was earlier. Mr X ‘s critical marks were recorded BP 145/86, PR 88 and temperature 37.5. Apart for being somewhat pyrexic vital organs marks were normal for this patient. On scrutiny Mr X was found to be rather stamp in the lower left of his venters and on percussion there were obvious marks of difficult stool. Initial diagnosing made by the G.P was cranky intestine syndrome and irregularity caused by a hapless diet. The G.P expressed concern about Mr X complaining of his stool looking dark on a few occasions. The G.P advised the patient to imbibe plentifulness of H2O, addition fiber in his diet and to get down exerting on a regular basis to seek and convey his weight down. Mr X was given lactulose solution for his irregularity to be taken twice daily. The G.P asked the patient for a blood sample to govern out the possibility of anemia. Mr X was told a dark visual aspect of the stool may bespeak an upper G.I bleed due to an ulcer but could besides be due to nutrient he had eaten. The fact that Mr X had a history of suspension hernia meant that it should be investigated. Mr X was asked to come back and see the G.P in a hebdomad ‘s clip. Mr X has a history of high blood pressure and lower back hurting. He smokes 20 coffin nails a twenty-four hours and consumes 20 units of intoxicant a hebdomad. He is considered to be over weight at 18 rock and does non exert on a regular basis. His diet consists chiefly of saturated nutrient ; he enjoys microwave repasts and chows fast nutrient on a regular basis. Mr X works a security guard in the retail industry and works long displacements. He is married and has four kids. He is on Altace and lipid-lowering medicines for his high blood pressure and 20mg ezomeprazole for his suspension hernia. His male parent passed off from prostatic malignant neoplastic disease at the age of 78 and his female parent has history of lung malignant neoplastic disease. You read "Case Study Diverticular Disease Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Mr X has taken over the counter medicines to seek and alleviate his irregularity with small consequence. He suffers with a moderate sum of emphasis and anxiousness due to his fiscal state of affairs but has no jobs go throughing piss. He has no loss of appetency and says he normally gets a good dark slumber. Apart from the job he is kicking of there is no other associated ailments. Mr X returned to his G.P a hebdomad after his first audience and was still kicking of the same job. The lactulose had small consequence but he still felt hurting and was stamp over his left iliac pit. An internal scrutiny concluded his stool still felt difficult. His observations were still reasonably much the same and his blood trial for anemia came back as normal. The G.P decided to mention Mr X for farther trials to set up the exact cause of Mr X ‘s symptoms. Diagnostic Modalities Once the G.P had refereed patients with symptoms similar to Mr X is common for them to hold a big intestine scrutiny called Barium clyster. The patient is asked non to eat any solids 24 hours prior to the process and is given strong laxatives called picolax to take ( London xray.com ) . With the usage of X raies the doctor runs Ba into the patient ‘s intestine through a catheter surfacing the liner of the intestine. The intestine is distended utilizing an inflating balloon and the patient is so moved about in different places whilst a series of images are taken. The Ba is radiopaque which shows up the features of the intestine rather nicely. This type of scrutiny is besides peculiarly utile in governing out other possible causes of the symptoms the patient has such as Crohn ‘s disease or even a carcinoma. Barium enemas attractively demonstrate diverticula and the mucous membrane of the big intestine. Below is an image taken from a Ba survey showing diverticular disease? A chiseled diverticulum can be seen in the Centre of the image. Figure 1 Library image Other modes can be used to name diverticular disease such as colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy but Ba enemas seem to be the preferable pick of doctors. In an article called Barium clyster versus colonoscopy the usage of these Scopess is compared to barium clyster and the advantage and disadvantages are mentioned. A colonoscopy and sigmoidoscppy is clip devouring and is really seldom completed under an hr. It can turn out rather painful for patients and sedation is required for the process. It is a desirable method for patients who complain of chronic hemorrhage which is overseen by Ba clyster. Barium clyster are normally painless ; no sedation is required and is completed normally within 10-15 proceedingss. A gastroscopy is a trial where the physician looks into the upper portion of the GI piece of land by infixing a thin flexible telescope called an endoscope down the gorge. The upper intestine consists of the gorge, tummy and duodenum. Gastroscopy is normally done as a twenty-four hours instance. The doctor may blunt the dorsum of your pharynx by spraying on some local anesthetic. The patient can besides be given a ataractic if preferred. The tip of the endoscope contains a visible radiation and a bantam camera which allows the doctor to see inside the G.I piece of land. The endoscope besides has a side channel which enables the doctor to go through assorted instruments which can be manipulated by the doctor for illustration to take biopsies. ( patient.co.uk ) . this process is a coveted manner of diagnosing Oesophagitis, Duodenal or tummy ulcers and gastritis. Figure 2 below shows a bleeding duodenal ulcer. Figure 2 ( image hkmas.org ) If the patient complains of dark stool so there is a high possibility of there being a duodenal bleed or a bleed from the upper G.I piece of land. ( medlineplus ) Discussion As mentioned before most of the instances of diverticular disease be given to be symptomless unless patients start to see alteration in there bowel wont. Normal stools which are big and soft theodolite rather easy and on a regular basis. A survey published in the Lancet volume 313 studies the prevalence of symptom less diverticular disease of the colon is related to the ingestion of dietetic fiber in vegetarians and non-vegetarians. Vegetarians had a significantly higher average fibers intake ( 41AÂ ·5 g/day ) than non-vegetarians ( 21AÂ ·4 g/day ) . Diverticular disease was commoner in non-vegetarians ( 33 % ) than in vegetarians ( 12 % ) . Comparison of topics with and without diverticular disease in the vegetarian and non-vegetarian groups provided some farther grounds that a low consumption of cereal fiber is associated with the presence of diverticular disease. These figures clearly show that a fibre deficient diet is linked to diverticular disease. Surveies show low fiber in the diet makes the stool harder and smaller doing irregularity, nevertheless a survey published in the British medical diary suggests every bit good as alleviating the symptoms of diverticular disease a high-fibre diet may besides forestall the status from developing. Forty patients with diverticular disease treated with wheat bran 24g/day for at least six months. Thirty-three patients showed a really satisfactory clinical response. Sixty per cent of all symptoms were abolished, and a farther 28 % were relieved. After intervention the theodolite times accelerated in patients whose initial times were slower than 60 hours and slowed down in those whose initial theodolite times were faster than 36 hours. Stool weight increased significantly. The figure of intracolonic high force per unit area moving ridges decreased, particularly during and after eating. Once once more overpowering grounds proposing a high consumption of fiber is indispensable to avoid develop ing the disease. The Journal of clinical gastroenterology hypothesises that fibre lack non merely leads to diverticula formation but besides causes a alteration in the micro ecology which consequences in reduced colon immune response and permits a low-grade chronic inflammatory procedure that precedes a matured ague diverticulitis. However the hypothesis goes on to state that complications do non happen until there is micro-perforation through the wall of the diverticulum into the pericolic tissue which would take to abscesses and fistulous witherss being formed. In some instances, perforation of diverticulum becomes an acute medical exigency and requires immediate intercession. The mortality rate can be every bit high as 35 % ( Porrett A ; Daniel 1999 ) . Treatment for diverticular disease does non be as such. Educating the patients about the possible hazards of a hapless diet is overriding. Physicians should promote patients to eat a diet high in fruit and veggies, with at least 2 liters of H2O a twenty-four hours. Patients should be encouraged exercising on a regular basis and to describe any reoccurrence of symptoms or rectal hemorrhage. Reoccurring symptoms or rectal hemorrhage will necessitate a referral for trials. Some people live with chronic diverticular disease or IBS, which is closely related to diverticular disease. These people are advised to avoid cut down fatty nutrients and to avoid drinks incorporating caffeine and intoxicant ( WebMD ) . Treatment for acute diverticulitis requires an exigency colcetomy. In the yesteryear this type of surgery for diverticulitis was ever done as an unfastened process in which a big scratch was made in the venters. But as laparoscopic surgery has become more popular, more sawboness are now utilizing this method for acute exigencies ( WebMD2 ) . Result Mr X was referred to the infirmary for a Ba clyster and gastroendoscopy due to him holding a history of a suspension hernia. The Ba clyster showed that Mr X had diverticulosis in his sigmoid colon. The adviser advised anti-spasmodic drugs for abdominal hurting in his study but suggested there was n’t any demand for surgery. No other pathology was observed on the images. The images taken from the Gastroendoscopy showed no important pathology. There were some indicants of redness at the lower terminal of the oesophagus proposing mild esophagitis. It was advised to increase the dosage of esomperzole from 20mg to 40mg if the patient presented with farther symptoms of indigestion. No marks of shed blooding or ulcers were observed. Since holding these trials Mr X has been sing the pattern dietician one time every two hebdomads. He has been given a diet to follow and his aim is to lose weight and eat a balanced diet. After talking to Mr X he tells me that he is eating plentifulness of fruit and veggies and wheaten staff of life. He had increased his fibre consumption and is besides imbibing plentifulness of H2O. He has noticed that he is non acquiring constipated every bit much as he used to be and opens his bowels more often. He has taken out a gym rank and has lost half a rock. Mr X will likely hold diverticular disease for the remainder of his life but every bit long as he lives by his new life style he will be able to command his symptoms and live a normal healthy life. A How to cite Case Study Diverticular Disease Health And Social Care Essay, Free Case study samples

A Compelling Business Case for Diversity

Question: Analyse and evaluate the role and limits of key aspects of legislation as they relate to the management of diversity. Answer: Introduction Continuous gender discrimination in job places has added fuel to the debate of diversity and equal opportunity. The most potent victim of such practice is basically the women. Although they are getting placement in various private firms but unlike their male counterparts female employees are hardly considered for promotion in various high ranking posts. In addition to that, they are not adequately represented in private companies and so they always have to encounter the dominance of male employees. They are often excluded from Board meetings and other official conference of the companies and so there is no scope for them to exhibit their talents as well as giving voice to their concerns and opinions. Though various legal provisions have come in to force but there is no end to the misery of female workers in private organizations (Pearn Kandola n.d.). According to Binna Kandola, this systematic approach of exclusion and diversity prevention will ultimately affect the growth and prosperity of such organizations. He is of opinion that firms must accept the importance of gender diversity and should recruit male and female in equal proportions. He also suggests them to accept the issue of biasness for adopting a concrete framework where it can be permanently eliminated. He emphasized that the goal of diversity can only be achieved when there shall be an overall transformation in attitude towards women in workplace. Once they begin to feel psychologically secured like their male employees then they can give their best performance in a real sense (Commission. 2005). The term diversity primarily means difference. But when it comes for comparing qualities among the worthy group of employees including females the expression assumes a neutral tone. The emergence of this term in relation to organization dates back to the year of 1990. This terminology has been designed for tracking similar connection as used in various aspects of human life and environmental activities. But in case of organizational aspects, it is based on the idea of equal opportunities (Anon. 2007). For various companies, the concept of diversity bears different meanings and understandings. But these interpretations are same in certain aspects that include: recruitment of suitable candidates harnessing talent innovation and creativity Establishment of a culture where people can feel to offer best performance where their talents, opinions and views shall be respected. The term opportunity according to Binna Kandla is not restricted in offering similar benefits and facilities to women but also stresses the necessity of their inclusion in different organizational teams for enabling them to be play a significant role in the progress of any organization. It has become synonymous with the term diversity as it stresses the elimination of biased approach and seeks active participation from members of vulnerable community to achieve the highest ladder of success in employment sectors (Pearn Kandola n.d.) Even after the enactment of various Federal laws like Civil Rights Act, 1964 and Equal Pay Act, 1963, women are still experiencing discrimination and deprivation of legitimate opportunities in the workplace. The overall impacts of such approach mainly include the following: Loss of Productivity: Women who often suffer from gender discrimination ultimately lose their morale and essential motivation of performing their job effectively. Factors that can play a direct role in this regard mainly include cracking crude jokes of sexual nature for highlighting the vulnerability and inferiority of women. Through such jokes women employees are compelled to believe that their work standard and capacity is much below than of the male peers (BusinessLink n.d.). Denial of promotions: Biased and stereotypical gender views can encourage supervisors to involve in the unethical practice of recommending individual for promotion to higher post on the basis of gender. In such cases it is the women who are mostly deprived from the opportunity of high ranking promotions (Pearn Kandola n.d.). Though it may happen in case of male but it is the tendency of supervisors to bypass women when it comes to promotion because of the preconceived notions regarding their abilities and roles. Unequal Payment: It is the most common form of gender discrimination in any private organization. The practice has been going on for a long period of time due to less representation of female workers in every organization. Even after putting up a brilliant work performance they are still subdued through paying lesser wages than their male peers (Personnel Today 2009). The problem is not restricted to women employed in low position but also to those working managerial position. Situation reaches to such an extent that women often have to compromise their self-dignity to get higher payments. Negligence in Family Responsibilities: It is the usual tendency of the management of an organization to avoid promoting women who are either pregnant or having child to look after. The management is of the opinion that such women will not be able to concentrate on job due to family related commitments. So they normally recommend male employees for such position. Even if any female employee is able to convince the management then also she is given reduced job responsibility which is incompatible with the job designation (Chron n.d.). These forces women to neglect their family related obligations and to spend much time on job performance so as to fight for their right to promotion in the organization. It is due to the fear of promotion denial that women are undertaking the path of abortion for making their case of promotion strong and effective. With the adoption of various anti-discrimination laws and conventions, many organizations are moving towards the direction of promoting increased number of women in high ranking positions for avoiding legal summons and penalties. Many such organizations are now having separate grievance redressal cells where any employee especially women workers can file their grievances against the company management. Besides, it has become mandatory for every organization to have a separate board for addressing cases of sexual harassment against women employees. Such board must comprise of sufficient number of women to prevent discrimination and biasness against the victim. Organizations that have made tremendous progress in this regard mainly include Canadian Pacific Railway, TD Bank Financial Group and Manitoba Lotteries Corporation (Times Higher Education 2012). For instance, Canadian Pacific Railway for the purpose of retaining its women workforce has adopted various policies and programs that focus on providing flexible working hours, accommodation in the workplace, child care service with a specially designed employee assistance program and so on. Apart from these measures, the firm is now offering various informal and formal mentoring to women employees to increase their representations in senior management level. It is also sponsoring two women based forums in track maintenance and engineering departments where they have the opportunity to participate in panel discussions for expressing their job experience and to have interaction with female management leader (PWC 2014). The approach adopted by Manitoba Lotteries also deserves in the field of diversity and equality also deserves admirations. The senior leaders of this firm in the year of 2001 had adopted a specific competency model to acquire fresh talents on the basis of competency level. The result has yield fruits as it has been able to tap the services of talented group of women working in the managerial berths of the organization. It helps the firm to shed out its attached tag of discrimination and to focus more on talent and capacities. Its new model has also been successful in securing the services of eligible male employees as well. Business case in relation to diversity primarily comprises of eight drivers namely: Demography Legislation Selection and recruitment Team creativity Retention Talent management Brand reputation and Flexible working Many policy makers basically focus on the enactment of various anti-discrimination laws when it comes for ensuring diversity in the workplace. They argue that these legislations will help the deserving women to reach the top managerial post without any sort of compromise. But they have failed to realize that these legal frameworks are in reality the feeblest tools. It is because the prosecutors have to provide sufficient evidence of discrimination before the court of law without which no action can be taken against the culprits. Though these legislations are now being implemented under various pressures but they have failed to contribute positive progress in terms of diversity as they can only be used in case of right violation and not for engineering changes in the outlook of the society (FT 2014). Similarly there are certain drawbacks on the business case related to demographics. Though the concept has been mainly devised for serving the targeted community of people but in reality it is promoting discrimination to a great extent. The discrimination is visible when it comes to employing people who belong to different communities. Although it mainly focuses on serving the specific customer base but many organizations flout this norm as they normally prefer to employ male candidates from white community. In reality both demographics and legislations have been failed to achieve the ultimate objective of diversity. It is because both of them are fragile and defensive when encountered with opposing forces. For example, the enactment of Equality Act 2010 and Equality scheme only seeks to serve the interests of the firm owners particularly during the time of recession as it gives them much choice to retain male employees compared to females. Team diversity has its own benefits when it comes to creativity and idea generation as well as handling of novel or complex problems. But it also arrives with two negative impacts for hampering diversity. These mainly include increased conflict based on relationship and task as well as internal communications. Conflict based on task usually involves testing assumptions and critical analysis. The conflict is also associated due to variations in levels of performance among teams. The team can experience relationship conflict as well which only hinder but also stalls solution implementations. At the same time if the organizations follow transparent approaches in selecting and recruiting candidates irrespective of gender and other factors there is the chance of ushering maximum diversity. They must not tweak the relevant yardstick when it comes to selecting candidates from ethnic minorities. It is the most essential condition otherwise candidates from ethnic community will hesitate to fo rward their application in such firms. In a recent study which was conducted in UK most students belonging to ethnic background had voted for organization that provides equal opportunities A recently conducted survey report shows that flexible working conditions do not affect the performance of an organization. It is the main reason why companies are embracing it as they believe that it will ultimately lead to positive impacts in terms of performance. With the emergence of the concept of twenty four hours banking facilities, Llyods TSB identified the relevance of suitable employment policies for retaining and attracting talented people from the vast pool of job applicants. For that purpose it had adopted an inclusive approach for drawing employees irrespective of gender, disability and race (Insights n.d.). Though certain provisions focused exclusively on providing certain benefits to female and male employees separately but the major policies are entirely formulated for every employee. The company grants requests for flexible job durations only after assessing the business impact but not due to any sort of biasness towards employees. With introduction of such flexible employment package there is a tremendous rise of sincere and dedicated employees of fifteen percent. This has also enabled women working in managerial position to apply for flexible working hours and their number rose to twenty two percent. Another area that deserves special mention in relation to business case is the brand reputation. Firms spend large amounts in branding with the ultimate purpose of differentiation of products and services from their rivals. This ultimately paves way to diversity for ensuring higher profits in the long run. It is the diversity that helps organizations in acquiring corporate reputation among local community. Recent survey suggests that thirty eight of the firms have cited branding as the most beneficial element of diversity in terms of profitability and customer loyalty. From these instances, it is clearly evident that negative and positive practices of diversity can have tremendous effect on the reputation of an organization. Conclusion and Recommendation Equal opportunity and status is a widely spoken topic across the world. It ensures that there are no partiality and right people are offered the right opportunities. However, it needs to be mentioned that the policies and ideas appear to be great but each of them need a proper backing. MNCs can find it easier to implement their policies, but implementing in a general scale to all levels of operations and business sizes will take some time. However, there has been a substantial improvement that has been made in the last decade and it seems more is about to come. As discussed above with regards to the theory proposed by Binna Kandola, systematic approach of exclusion and diversity prevention will ultimately affect the growth and prosperity of such organizations. If this is avoided and proper practices are followed where everyone is treated equally and as per their merits, the effectiveness and efficiency levels of work within organizations would multiply manifolds. It is a difficult proposition, but trends seem to be changing. There are many organizations which are headed by women and are doing quite well. Although, limited, they are prime examples of the possibilities and the things that might be possible if equal treatment is offered at large. References Pearn Kandola, Pushing for Diversity, accessed on 18th March 2016, https://www.pearnkandola.com/images/VoD_Excerpt.pdf Commission. 2005. The business case for diversity: Good practices in the workplace. Accessed on 18th March 2016, https://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/fundamental_rights/pdf/events/busicase_en.pdf 45 Anon. 2007. A compelling business case for diversity. Bright Ideas. Available at: https://www.bright-wave.co.uk/01-01-25-a-compelling-business-case-for-diversity.htm Pear n Kandola, The Intention of Difference, viewed on 18th March 2016, https://www.pearnkandola.com/inventionofdifference/ BusinessLink. Widen your choice of employees to improve competitiveness: The business case for diversity. 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